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APA 7th Edition

Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL.

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows

Table of Contents

Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

Streaming video from a subscription media website (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, etc.), streaming video from a library database, television series episode.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Who to Credit - Film or Video

The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, someone in a similar role, such as a producer and/or writer, can be credited. To clarify what role the person has in the production, their job title such as Director is put after their name in round brackets if the job title is known.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Note : It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film or video (e.g. motion picture, DVD, streaming online).

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Film or Video

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known:

Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced). Title of film: Subtitle if any [Film]. Production Company.

Note: For other countries, list the city name and the country.

Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam, K. (Producer, Director). (2010). Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team [Film]. Insight Media.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010)

Note: This example has two people to credit, so both last names are given)

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010, 2:30)

Note: Because the timestamp serves the same purpose in a video as page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, you include it in the in-text citation. Include only the beginning timestamp.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known: Start the citation with the film title.

Title of film: Subtitle if any [Film]. (Year film was produced). Production Company if Known.

Era of viruses [Film]. (2006). Films for the Humanities and Sciences.

( Title of Film , Year)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006)

Note: Italicize the title of the film and capitalize the words for the in-text citation.

( Title of Film , Year, Timestamp)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006, 40:00)

When the Poster's Name is known:

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

(Creator's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Nye, 2009)

(Creator's Last Name, Year, timestamp)

Example: (Nye, 2009, 0:55)

When the Poster's Name is not known:

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website Name. URL

All Aces Media. (2012, January 19). Often awesome the series [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255

(User name, Year)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012, timestamp)

Producer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Producer). (Year of Publication). Title of Video [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: When you have one producer (Producer) is used after the producer's name. If you have more than one producer use (Producers) instead.

Allen, T., et. al. (Producers). (2017). The story of Diana [Video]. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

(Producer Last name, Year)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017)

(Producer Last name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017, 6:45)

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video [Video]. Database Name.

National Film Board of Canada. (2014). Making movie history: The women [Video]. NFB Campus.

(Name of Company/Organization, Year)

Example: (National Film Board of Canada, 2014)

(Name of Company/Organization, Year, Timestamp)

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known, Television series name . Production Company.

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010). Flying cheap (Season 2010, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Young, 2010)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Young, 2010, 15:38)

Television Series Episode Viewed on a Subscription Media Website

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known, Television series name . Streaming Video Site. URL

Attenborough, D. (Writer). (2001). Ocean world (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In A. Fothergill (Executive producer), Blue planet: A natural history of the oceans . Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

Example: (Attenborough, 2001)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Attenborough, 2001, 10:12)

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MLA Format: Everything You Need to Know and More

Filled with a wide variety of examples and visuals, our Citation Machine® MLA guide will help you master the citation process. Learn how to cite websites, books, journal articles, magazines, newspapers, films, social media, and more!

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / How to Cite Sources / How to Cite a Documentary in APA, MLA, or Chicago

How to Cite a Documentary in APA, MLA, or Chicago

While you might think of books and journal articles as the go-to sources when writing essays, documentaries can also be a great source of information—and they can also serve as a form of entertainment. Citing a documentary might seem more complicated than citing a textbook, but we’ve put together this handy guide on how to cite a documentary to make the process a bit easier for you.

Quickly cite a documentary by using our citation generator form for a film .

As an example, we’ve cited “Jiro Dreams of Sushi”—a great Netflix documentary by David Gelb about a legendary Tokyo sushi chef—in three different styles: MLA 9, APA, and Chicago.

To cite a documentary properly, you must take the following pieces of information into consideration:

Depending on the medium used to access the documentary, you may need to do additional research to find all of the information listed below.

How to Cite a Documentary

Use the following structure to cite a documentary in MLA 9:

Documentary title. Directed by First name Last name, performance by First name Last name, Production Company, Year published. Title of Site, Database, or Service where movie was streamed from (if applicable), URL.

Here’s how the above example would be cited in MLA format :

Jiro Dreams of Sushi . Directed by David Gelb, performance by Jiro Ono and Yoshikazu Ono. Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2011. Netflix , www.netflix.com/search?q=jiro&jbv=70181716&jbp=0&jbr=0.

Here’s how the above example would be cited in an in-text citation:

(Shortened Documentary Title)

( Jiro Dreams )

Use the following structure to cite a documentary in APA:

Last name of Documentary Producer(s), F.M. (Producer[s]), & Last name of Documentary Director(s), F.M. (Director[s]). (Year). Documentary title [ Medium (DVD, Video file]. Retrieved from URL

Here’s how the above example would be cited in APA format :

Iwashina, K., & Yamamoto, M.(Producers), & Gelb, D. (Director). (2011). Jiro dreams of sushi [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.netflix.com/search?q=jiro&jbv=70181716&jbp=0&jbr=0

Use the following structure to cite a documentary in Chicago:

Documentary Title. Directed by Director’s Name. City of Publication: Studio, Year.

Here’s how the above example would be cited in Chicago:

Jiro Dreams of Sushi . Directed by David Gelb. New York: Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2011.

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To cite a documentary from a media streaming website, include the following details: the producer’s name and/or director’s name and their title (e.g., Producer, Director, etc.), year released, title of the documentary, description of the source in square brackets if needed, website name, and URL.

Note that in APA, it is not necessary to include the name of the streaming website/app in the citation.

To cite a documentary in MLA or APA style, it is important to have basic information including the name of the director, name of the artists and/or producers, production company, publication date, and URL. Templates and examples for how to create in-text citations for documentaries in APA and MLA format are included below.

APA in-text citations

(Director Surname, publication year)

(Dhanalakshmi, 2004)

MLA in-text citations

( Shortened Title of the Documentary )

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How to cite documentary in APA

APA documentary citation

To cite a documentary in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a documentary in APA style 6th edition:

Director(s) & Producer(s) of the documentary . ( Year of publication ). Title of the film [ Format or medium ]. Location : Production company or studio .

To cite a documentary in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a documentary in APA style 7th edition:

Director(s) of the documentary . ( Year of publication ). Title of the film [ Format ]. Production company or studio .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a documentary citation in action:

A documentary where the directors are also the producers

West, B. & Cohen, J. (Directors & Producers) . ( 2018 ). RBG [ Motion picture ]. New York, NY : Magnolia Pictures .

A documentary with two directors

West, B. & Cohen, J. (Directors) . ( 2018 ). RBG [ Film; DVD ]. Magnolia Pictures .

A documentary with one director

Lears, R. (Director) & Blotnick, R. & Olson, S. (Producers) . ( 2019 ). Knock down the house [ Motion picture ]. Los Gatos, CA : Netflix Originals .

Lears, R. (Director) . ( 2019 ). Knock down the house [ Film; online video ]. Netflix Originals .

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This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

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Giving Credit to Whom It Is Due When you write a research paper, you must document the sources you used to produce it. When quoting or even paraphrasing another person's idea in your paper, you must give credit to that person so that the reader can find the source you cited. Sources for which you should provide full citations include books, articles, interviews, Internet sources, government documents, software, videotapes, etc. You cite the sources briefly within the text of your paper, and then give the full citation in the "Bibliography" or "Works Cited" section at the end of your paper.

Additionally, IT IS REQUIRED. See UMA's Academic Integrity Policy which spells out your responsibility as a student. The way to avoid plagiarism is to carefully cite all sources used. Your instructors will indicate which citation style they want you to use when citing your sources. Most often this is either APA or MLA citation style.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) site is a fairly comprehensive resource for the Modern Language Association's (MLA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar on OWL's page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.

UPDATED TO 9th ed.

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) site is a fairly comprehensive resource for the American Psychological Association (APA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar of the OWL page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.

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MLA In-Text Citations MLA Works Cited

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APA Activity (tutorial) APA Side By Side (compares reference, in-text citation, and in-text citation with author set-up)

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Format a Citation in APA Style Using EBSCOhost

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Citation Basics & Links

Citing your sources is an important step in the research and writing process. Choose one of the following to get started:

Documentation style depends on your area of study. For instance, the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is often used in the social sciences, whereas the Modern Language Association (MLA) style is used in the humanities. Check with your professor to be sure you are using the right style for your papers.

Here's a short overview of citations:

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APA Style Workshop

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Welcome to the OWL Workshop on APA Style! This workshop introduces important aspects of the American Psychological Association (APA) Style used to format research papers. The introductory material describes what APA Style is, why it is used, and who should use it. Following this, the resource provides links to some of the OWL's most helpful APA resources.

NOTE: This workshop should answer most of your basic questions about using APA Style. However, if you are writing a complex document such as a thesis or lengthy manuscript, or if you have detailed questions, you should consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7 th edition), which can often be found at your local library. You might also consult the APA's website , which allows visitors to order the book online and read frequently asked questions about APA style. Finally, see our Additional Resources page for additional references you can consult.

What is APA Style?

APA Style establishes standards of written communication concerning:

Why Use APA?

Aside from simplifying the work of editors by having everyone use the same format for a given publication, using APA Style makes it easier for readers to understand a text by providing a familiar structure they can follow. Abiding by APA's standards as a writer will allow you to:

Who Should Use APA?

APA Style provides fairly comprehensive guidelines for writing academic papers regardless of subject or discipline. However, traditionally, APA is most frequently used by writers and students in:

Social Sciences, such as Psychology, Linguistics, Sociology, Economics, and Criminology

If you are a student, consult with an instructor to learn what style your discipline uses before using APA Style in your work. If APA Style is appropriate for your writing project, use the links below to learn more about APA and how to follow its rules correctly in your own work.

APA Formatting and Writing Style

The following pages introduce some of the basic requirements of APA Style as well as describing the different formatting and writing conventions that are used in APA papers.

General APA Format

Headings and Seriation

Footnotes and Endnotes

APA Citations and Reference List

The following pages walk through the details of making in-text citations and developing a reference page at the end of your paper. They contain numerous illustrative examples.

In-Text Citations: The Basics

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

Reference List: Basic Rules

Reference List: Author/Authors

Reference List: Articles in Periodicals

Reference List: Books

Reference List: Other Print Sources

Reference List: Electronic Sources

Reference List: Audiovisual Sources

Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources

Citing Your Sources

Chicago Style

See MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources (Purdue OWL).

Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia (from Purdue OWL)

For audiovisual materials that are Internet-based, like YouTube videos or podcasts, see the OWL's page on citing Web Sources in CMOS.

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Citation Help

APA style is commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences. This guide is based on the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

When you use a source in your work, you will include it in an alphabetical reference list at the end of your paper or assignment. To indicate to the reader which source you are using, you will use in-text citations that refer to the full reference. Include page numbers in the in-text citation only when directly quoting from a source. When paraphrasing from a source, omit the in-text page numbers. Please note that the citation style for online journal articles includes the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) when it is available. Also, after the first line, citations should be indented 1/2 inch on the references list.

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association

Call number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 - Thompson Library Grand Reading Room - In Library Use Only

Journal Article (One Author)

Reference list : Radvansky, G. A. (2009). Spatial directions and situation model organization. Memory & Cognition , 37 , 796-806. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.6.796

In-text citation :

For direction quotation: (Radvansky, 2009, p. 801)

For paraphrasing or summary: (Radvansky, 2009)

Journal Article (Two Authors)

Reference list: Hanggi, E. B., & Ingersoll, J. F. (2009). Long-term memory for categories and concepts in horses (Equus caballus). Animal Cognition , 12 , 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-008-0205-9

In-text citation: (Hanggi & Ingersoll, 2009)

Journal Article (Three to Twenty Authors)

Reference list: Pashkova-Balkenhol, T., Lenker, M., Cox, E., & Kocevar-Weidinger, E. (2019). Should we flip the script?: A literature review of deficit-based perspectives on first-year undergraduate students’ information literacy. Journal of Information Literacy, 13 (2), 92-111. https://doi.org/10.11645/13.2.2619

In-text citation: (Pashkova-Balkenhol et al., 2019)

Newspaper Article (No Author)

Reference list: Amazing Amazon region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, D11, D14.

In-text citation: ("Amazing Amazon region," 1989, p. D11)

Magazine Article (No Author)

Reference list : The blood business. (1992, September 11). Time , 97 , 47-48. (NOTE: In the reference list, this would be alphabetized by the word "blood." A, an, and the are skipped when there is no author.)

In-text citation : ("Blood Business," 1992)

Magazine Article (One Author)

Reference list: Kandel, E.R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science , 290 , 1113-1120.

In-text citation: (Kandel, 2000)

Authored Encyclopedia Entry

Reference list: Turnbull, A. R., & Lynch, M. (2010). Edinburgh. The New Encyclo pædia Britannica (Vol. 17, pp. 963-969). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica.

In-text citation: (Turnbull & Lynch, 2010)

Book (One Author)

Reference list: Comer, R.J. (2010). Abnormal psychology. Worth.

In-text citation:

For direct quotations: (Comer, 2010, p. 25)

For paraphrasing or summarizing: (Comer, 2010)

Book (Corporate Author)

Reference list: Ohio State University, College of Social Work. (1979). An assessment of social well-being in Franklin County: A report. Author.

In-text citation: (Ohio State University, College of Social Work, 1979)

Reference list: Carey, J. P. (2001). Multinational enterprises. In L.L. Adler & U.P. Gielen (Eds.), Cross-cultural topics in psychology (2nd ed., pp. 201-212). Praeger.

In-text citation: (Carey, 2001)

Reference list: University of California Television. (2012, August 31). Coping with stress: Cognitive-behavioral stress reduction [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BbHW3H_xmo

In-text citation: (University of California Television, 2012)

Reference list: Mayo Clinic Staff. (2013, February 21). Tests and procedures: Cognitive behavioral therapy . Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/basics/definition/prc-20013594

In-text citation: (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013)

Audio Podcast Episode

Reference list: Kielty, M., & Padgett, K. (Producers). (2014, April 18). 60 words [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab . WNYC Studios. http://www.radiolab.org/story/60-words/

In-text citation: (Kielty & Padgett, 2014)

Reference list : United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2016). Ohio income limits [Data set]. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il/il16/FY16-IL-oh.pdf

In-text citation: (United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2016)

Reference list: Spielberg, S. (Director). (1993). Jurassic park [Film]. Universal Pictures.

In-text citation : (Spielberg, 1993)

Helpful APA Resources

Not able to access our copy of the Publication Manual? Feel like you need additional help? Here are a few more APA-related resources that you might find helpful!

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Purdue Owl: MLA Formatting & Style Guide

Developed by the Purdue Online Writing Lab. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.

Author/Editor (By:)

Contributor, corporate author, related organizations, citation type.

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Reference List: Audiovisual Media
Purdue OWL Research and Citation APA Style (7th Edition) APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) Reference List: Audiovisual Media APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) General Format In-Text Citations: The Basics In-Text Citations: Author/Authors Reference List: Basic Rules Reference List: Author/Authors
Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia
Citations for such recorded media usually include some or all of the following information: name of the person primarily responsible for the content of the recording (composer, writer, performer, etc.),a title, recording company or publisher's name, identifying number, an indication of medium (DVD, videocassette, etc.), and a copyright and/or …
APA Citation Format
APA 7th Edition Citation Format instructions--Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style Manual Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. by American Psychological Association Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 (three copies at HSSE reference desk, one in HICKS) ISBN: 9781433832161 Publication Date: 2020
APA Style Guide
Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL. APA Style Introduction APA 7th APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th General Formatting APA 7th In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th Last Updated: Mar 7, 2023 2:32 PM
General APA FAQs
Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual ...
APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows
APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows Film or Video When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known: Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced). Title of film: Subtitle if any [Film]. Production Company.
Purdue Owl: APA Formatting & Style Guide
/citations/purdue-owl-apa-formatting-style-guide. Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the references page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster. 55. 49613 Filters; Developed by Purdue's Online Writing Lab. Contains resources on in-text citation and the ...
Citation Machine®: PURDUE Format & PURDUE Citation Generator
Our Citation Machine® APA guide is a one-stop shop for learning how to cite in APA format. Read up on what APA is, or use our citing tools and APA examples to create citations for websites, books, journals, and more! APA Citation Generator | Website | Books | Journal Articles | YouTube | Images | Movies | Interview | PDFs
How to Cite a Documentary in APA, MLA or Chicago
To cite a documentary properly, you must take the following pieces of information into consideration: Documentary title Name of the documentary director Any performers in the documentary Documentary producers Title of the site, database, or streaming service that the documentary was found on (if applicable) Name of the production company
APA: how to cite a documentary [Update 2023]
To cite a documentary in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements: Director (s) of the documentary: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of the primary contributors (e. g. Director or Producer) ending with a parentheses identifying their contribution.
Research Guides: Citations: Citing Your Sources
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) site is a fairly comprehensive resource for the American Psychological Association (APA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar of the OWL page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.
Purdue OWL: APA Formatting
This vidcast discusses how to format a paper using Microsoft Word according to APA style. To learn more about APA style, please visit the following resource ...
APA Overview and Workshop
This workshop introduces important aspects of the American Psychological Association (APA) Style used to format research papers. The introductory material describes what APA Style is, why it is used, and who should use it. Following this, the resource provides links to some of the OWL's most helpful APA resources.
Research Guides: Citing Your Sources: Citing Film and Video
Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia (from Purdue OWL) For audiovisual materials that are Internet-based, like YouTube videos or podcasts, see the OWL's page on citing Web Sources in CMOS. Last Updated: Feb 14, 2023 10:26 AM. URL: https://guides.libraries.uc.edu/citing.
APA: 7th Edition
APA style is commonly used in the social and behavioral sciences. This guide is based on the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. When you use a source in your work, you will include it in an alphabetical reference list at the end of your paper or assignment. To indicate to the reader which source you ...
Purdue Owl: MLA Formatting & Style Guide
Developed by the Purdue Online Writing Lab. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.