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How to Write a Job Application Cover Letter
Writing a cover letter is essential when applying for jobs. This is the perfect way to express how your specific skills are relevant to the open position. Wow your future employer with this simple cover letter example format.
Write a First Draft
Writing a first draft makes your letter concise and professional, states The Balance Careers. Organize your thoughts by making a list of what you’re trying to convey. Make sure you prioritize certain aspects like your previous job experience and why you would be a good fit for the position. Clearly state what position you’re interested in and why. Think about why you’re applying and what caught your eye about this specific position. Your cover letter will be easier to write after your thoughts are collected and organized.
Customize Your Salutation
When writing a salutation, make sure you know who you are writing to. Is this person the owner of the company or a Human Resources administrator? If you’re not sure, research the company to find out. Addressing your cover letter to a specific person shows initiative and attention to detail. After your salutation, start your letter with a short introduction of yourself. This gives future employers insight into who you are and the purpose of your cover letter.
Write Intentionally
Your cover letter should be no more than one page, so keep your points brief. Clearly state what position you are interested in and why. Explain why you are a good fit for the company because of your past job experience. If you have no similar job experience, let the employer know why you are changing career paths. Expand on your skills and give specific examples of how that skill set helped you at your last position. Name projects you’ve worked on and show results.
Close Your Letter
End your cover letter with a brief sentence and sign off. Thank the employer for their time and express your interest towards the job again. Let them know you’ll follow up with them if you do not hear back within a week and leave your contact information. Sign off with a professional farewell and leave room for a signature if sending a hard copy.
Edit and Proofread
As you finish writing your cover letter, make sure you take time to edit and proofread your document. Make sure it’s structured in a professional format with the company’s information, the salutation and introduction, the body of the letter, a brief closing sentence and farewell. Check for spelling and grammar mistakes to ensure a formal result. Make sure all names are spelled correctly, as well.
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How to Write a Cover Letter for an Unadvertised Job
Cover letter sample and writing tips for a job that's not advertised.
Alison Doyle is one of the nation’s foremost career experts.
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- Tips for Writing Your Cover Letter
What to Include in Your Cover Letter
- Cover Letter Example and Template
Proofread Your Documents
How to send your letter.
- How to Send Your Resume
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Not all companies advertise job openings. Some companies get plenty of applicants without advertising. Other companies may not be in hiring mode but will consider applications from qualified candidates if they anticipate an opening in the near future.
Sending a resume and cover letter to an employer, even though you aren't sure if there are available jobs, is a way to get your candidacy noticed. It may also get you advance consideration for positions that have just opened up. If you have skills the company is in need of, it may even get you considered for a brand-new position.
When you know an employer has an opening, don't hesitate to apply.
If you have a company you'd love to work for , consider taking the time to reach out and connect regardless of whether the organization is currently hiring.
Tips for Writing a Cover Letter for an Unadvertised Job
What's the best way to apply for unadvertised job openings? It depends on whether you know there is a position available, but the company hasn't listed it, or if there's a company you want to work for and you don't know if there are open jobs.
Kelly Miller / The Balance
When You Know There is a Job Opening
If you know the company is hiring but hasn't advertised the position, write a traditional cover letter expressing your interest in the open position at the company. Be sure to specifically relate your qualifications for the job.
When You Don't Know if the Company is Hiring
Writing a cover letter for an unadvertised opening (also known as a cold contact cover letter or letter of interest ) is a little different than writing a cover letter for a job that you know is available.
With this type of letter, you will need to make a strong pitch for yourself and how you can help the company. Below are some tips on how to write a cover letter for an unadvertised opening.
- Mention your contacts. If you know someone at the organization, mention this at the beginning of the cover letter. Having a contact at the company is a great way to get your foot in the door, even if the company isn’t actively hiring.
- Use paper or email. You can send your letter via paper or email . Sending an old-fashioned paper letter works well for this type of letter , because it may have a better chance of being read than an email, which could be deleted without even being opened.
- Include a resume. Whether you send your cover letter via paper or email, be sure to include a copy of your resume. Make sure you tailor your resume to the company and the type of job you are looking for.
Below is detailed information on what to include in your cover letter, along with links to example cover letters.
Your Contact Information Name Address City, State Zip Code Phone Number Email Address
- Cover Letter Contact Section Examples
Greeting If you can find a contact person at the company, direct your letter or email message to them. Here's how to find contacts at companies .
If you can't locate a contact person, address your letter to "Dear Hiring Manager" or leave out this section and start with the first paragraph of your letter.
- Cover Letter Greeting Examples
Body of Cover Letter The goal of your letter is to get noticed as a prospective employee even if the company isn't hiring immediately. Your letter should explain the reason for your interest in the organization, and identify your most relevant skills or experiences and explain why you would be an asset to the company.
First Paragraph: The first paragraph of your letter should include information on why you are writing. If you know someone at the company, mention it now. Be specific as to why you are interested in this particular company.
Middle Paragraph(s): The next section of your cover letter should describe what you have to offer the employer. Again, be specific as to how you can help the organization.
Final Paragraph: Conclude your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering you for employment.
- What to Include in the Body Section of a Cover Letter
Closing Best Regards, (or choose another closing from the examples below)
- Cover Letter Closing Examples
Signature Handwritten Signature (for a mailed letter)
Typed Signature When you are sending an email letter, be sure to include all your contact information in your signature.
- Signature Examples
Cover Letter Example for a Job That's Not Advertised
You can use this sample as a model to write a cover letter. Download the template (compatible with Google Docs and Word Online), or read the text version below.
Cover Letter for a Job That's Not Advertised (Text Version)
Your Name Your Address City, State Zip Code Your Phone Number Your Email Address
Contact Name Title Company Address City, State Zip Code
Dear Mr./Ms. LastName,
As an Information Technology professional with high-level management experience in the IT industry, I learned that the best way to achieve success was to motivate the resources I had with well-defined objectives and empowerment.
A management belief based on integrity, quality, and service, along with a positive attitude, an aptitude for strategic thought and planning, and the ability to adapt quickly to new ideas and situations allows me to achieve consistent and significant successes in multiple industries.
My personality profile says:
- A confident, driven individual who reacts quickly to change.
- A self-starter with a strong sense of urgency who responds positively to challenge and pressure.
- A fast learner who is a practical and ingenious problem solver.
- A fluent and articulate communicator, flexible and responsive. A self-directed, goal-oriented doer.
My former managers' say:
"…The Information Technology Analysis will serve as a guideline for making positive contributions …your management style provided a footprint for younger members of our organization… a very positive impression of the contributions you made to our business and its growth." Gregory Hines, President and CEO, Information Data Technology.
"…the most important source of growth in our data technology business …able to focus the team and manage the product to a successful introduction …due in large part to his own personal commitment ...excellent IT project management and operational management skills." Pauline Hallenback, CTO at Information Systems.
"…your strengths as a manager are many and varied …all issues are confronted in a timely manner …management by objectives comes as a second nature to you…" Jackson Brownell, Director of Operations, Denver Technologies.
ABC Company is a company that would provide me with the opportunity to put my personality, skills, and successes to work. At a personal meeting, I would like to discuss with you how I will contribute to the continued growth of your company.
Best regards,
Carefully proofread both your resume and cover letter before you send them. Here are proofreading tips for job seekers.
When sending your letter via email, write your letter in the email message and attach your resume to the message. In the subject line, put your name and the reason for writing (Your Name - Introduction).
- Email Subject Lines
How to Send Your Resume With Your Cover Letter
Here's how to send your resume with your cover letter:
- How to Email Your Resume
- How to Send Your Resume as an Attachment
- How to Mail a Resume and Cover Letter
Key Takeaways
TAKE INITIATIVE: Not all companies immediately advertise opening positions. Taking the initiative to send a cover letter of introduction “on spec” may garner you an interview for either an existing or a newly developed job role.
APPLY TO YOUR DREAM COMPANY: Nothing ventured, nothing gained. If there is a company you’ve always wanted to work for, reach out to their hiring department with a strategic letter that presents your qualifications and interest in their organization.
BUILD UPON YOUR CONTACTS: A good way to get your foot into the door at a company is to begin your letter of introduction by mentioning the contacts you know who work there. Take this to the next level by proactively asking these contacts – before you send your cover letter – if they would be willing to put in a good word on your behalf with their employer.
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How to Write a Cover Letter Without a Job in Mind
- Cover Letters
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How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer
How to write a letter requesting a future job opening, how to write a sample letter accepting an interview opportunity.
- How to Describe Focus & Customer Skills on a Resume
- How to Write a Resume & Cover Letter for a Quality Control Inspector
When you're getting a jump-start on the job-seeking process, crafting a detailed, persuasive resume and cover letter is likely the No. 1 item on your agenda. While it's fine to draft a generic cover letter that doesn't pertain to just one specific job, ideally, you'll eventually want to customize and tailor the letter to the employer you're sending it to.
All-Purpose Introduction
The introductory portion of your cover letter should indicate the type of job you're applying for, where you heard about the company and why you think you'd be a good fit. Example:
I was very excited to learn that COMPANY NAME is hiring for the position of BLANK. I became aware of your opening from BLANK, and I feel I’d be a great fit, as I’ve been working in BLANK industry for five years.
All-Purpose Credentials
The next section of your cover letter should detail your work experience, using care to reference the key elements of the job description, and touch on the main hiring criteria the employer lays out in the listing. These will vary from job to job, but your all-purpose cover letter template should follow this basic format. Here are some things to include:
- Your experience
- Specialized skills
- Significant achievements
I've worked as a department store manager for 15 years. I have experience in merchandising, handling vendors, hiring and training and overall operational functions. In my last role, I oversaw an expansion effort that doubled the size of our company.
Soft Skills
Regardless of the type of job you’re applying for, many of the same soft skills will apply. These include your ability to collaborate, think critically, make decisions and be detail oriented. Use this type of verbiage:
I consider myself to have exceptional time management skills, and I enjoy working both independently and as part of a team. I have a good temperament for management, and I strive to ensure my staff is happy, trained and fulfilled in their roles.
Again, reference individual job listings to tweak this verbiage based on the requirements of the particular position you eventually use it for.
Finish Strong
One of the key ways to customize your all-purpose cover letter to an individual employer is to close with a strong statement that outlines why you want the job and why you’re the right candidate.
I've always held this organization in high regard and would love the chance to be part of such a respected business. I believe you'll find my dedication, work ethic and loyalty is well in line with the high standards you’ve established for your company.
When you're drafting a somewhat generic cover letter to alter and use in different circumstances, use extra care in proofreading it before you send. You don’t want to inadvertently reference Company A in a letter you’re sending to Company B.
- Forbes: I've Read More Than 300 Cover Letters, And This Is How I Decide If They're Good Or Bad Within Three Minutes
- CNN Money: How to Write a Killer Cover Letter
- Use your word processing application's mail merge feature to create letters for several different addressees. Include the name of the company, the recruiter's name if you have access to it, and the street address, city, state and zip for each letter. Don't address letters "to whom it may concern." It's an impersonal greeting that tells the reader right away that it's probably just a form letter. If you cannot access the name of the recruiter or hiring manager, address the letter to "Dear XYZ Corporation Recruiter."
Lisa McQuerrey has been an award-winning writer and author for more than 25 years. She specializes in business, finance, workplace/career and education. Publications she’s written for include Southwest Exchange and InBusiness Las Vegas.
Related Articles
How to write a simple application cover letter, how to make a good application letter, how to write a letter looking for work, how to create a resume for a current employer, how to write a generic cover letter for multiple purposes, example of a cover letter for an hr generalist, how to write a cover letter to a company that does not have a job opening, email format for a follow-up resume, how to write a letter of appreciation for a job offer, most popular.
- 1 How to Write a Simple Application Cover Letter
- 2 How to Make a Good Application Letter
- 3 How to Write a Letter Looking for Work
- 4 How to Create a Resume for a Current Employer
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Use these sample cover letters if:
- you're looking for work with a particular employer
- there are no advertised vacancies at that employer.
This approach is often called cold calling . Cold calling is when you get in touch with an employer to ask whether they have any job vacancies.
Cold calling helps you discover unadvertised jobs. Unadvertised jobs can make up a significant proportion of job opportunities.
Cold calling also shows the employer that you have initiative and enthusiasm. Even If there's no work currently available, the employer might keep your application on file. They might contact you when work becomes available.
Even if they don't contact you, you can follow up in a month or so to see if the situation has changed.
For sample cover letters designed for other situations, see our sample cover letters page .
Download sample cover letters
These sample cover letters show you how to write to an employer to ask if they have any jobs available.
You can use the ‘no experience’ letter if you don’t have paid experience. You can use the ‘some experience letter’ if you have some paid work experience.
Paid experience means you have worked in a job that paid you money.
- Sample cover letter, no job advertised, no work experience - Word (84.17 KB)
- Sample cover letter, no job advertised, some work experience - Word (84.17 KB)
What to include in your cover letter
Key points of a cold calling cover letter are that it:
- introduces you
- explains why you're writing to the business
- shows you've taken the time to research the business
- links this research to your own experience, values, interests or goals
- finishes by inviting the business to contact you and indicating that you will follow up your letter with direct contact (if you say you're going to contact them, make sure you do).
Your cover letter should also include:
- school work experience or volunteer that demonstrates your strengths and attributes
- the name of the employer and the contact person's full name on the left
- a reference line – ‘Re: General application for available positions within your organisation’
- an address to the reader directly (for example, ‘Dear Mr Moyle’) Try to avoid using ‘To whom it may concern’ if you can.
What to include if you don’t have work experience
If you don’t have paid work experience, things you can mention instead include:
- school work experience or volunteer work that demonstrates your strengths and attributes
- general skills that help you work in a team and as part of an organisation
- any sporting or community club participation (if relevant)
- hobbies or interests that are relevant to the job or demonstrate your professional experience
- personal attributes that will help you learn to work in a professional work environment.
What to include if you have paid work experience
In addition to the points above, if you have work experience that is relevant to the job, you should show that your experience:
- meets the requirements of the job
- will help you make a positive contribution to the organisation or business.
More about resumes and cover letters
For more information about how to write resumes and cover letters, visit these pages:
For more about resumes and cover letters, check out these pages:
- How to Write a Cover Letter
- Sample Cover Letters
- How to Write a Resume
- Sample resumes
For more about cold calling and the hidden job market, check out our Cold Calling - What Is It? page.
Below is the sample cold calling cover letter - some work experience
Joanne Tint Email: [email protected] Mobile: XXXX XXX XXX
Mr Allan Moyle John Smith and Associates Phone: XXXX XXX XXX Email: [email protected]
RE: General application for available positions within your organisation
Dear Mr. Moyle,
As a recent Bachelor of Information Technology (Networking) graduate, I would like to enquire about positions available within your organisation and provide you with my details for your records.
I have had a strong interest in IT since a young age. I have always enjoyed the challenge of being able to identify faults and work to resolve them. Encouraged by this passion I have recently graduated as a Bachelor of Information Technology with a major in Networking.
While studying I worked as a provider of casual support for IT-related issues on a referral basis. I also worked part-time at Drew Smith Electronics. A technically competent individual, I have a passion for all things technological and a desire to establish a career as an IT professional.
I have been recognised for my high level of motivation and my strong communication skills. I am able to adapt my communication style to reflect the needs of any audience. I have a high level of problem-solving skills and a willingness to focus on my ongoing professional development.
I understand that, as a graduate, I have a lot to learn about working within an organisation. I would like to start in an entry-level position that would allow me to be mentored and guided in my professional development.
I am interested in your organisation's reputation as a leader in the provision of data centre management services. My research into your organisation has shown me that you work closely with a range of clients to manage their data centre needs through outsourced service agreements.
I believe that the opportunity to work in different environments and with different technologies will allow me to develop skills that your organisation can use to meet the changing needs and demands of your clients.
Your reputation for quality support and for being an employer of choice shows that you have an understanding of the needs of your clients as well as your employees. I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you in order to introduce myself and discuss any suitable positions that may be available.
I enclose my resume for your consideration. I will follow up this enquiry in the coming weeks, but I would be be grateful if you were to contact me in the meantime should you know of a position that you think is suitable. I can be contacted at all times on the details provided above.
Thanking you in advance for your time,
Joanne Tint
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How to apply for unadvertised jobs: the cover letter that opens doors

Found your perfect company but they are not currently hiring? Apply for unadvertised jobs with this cover letter so you can land your dream role.
When you find that rare company that you really want to work for its a big deal. Whether it is perfect for your first big break or its the ideal organisation to take you up that next rung in your career, the right company can ignite a passion for your future and motivate you to be the best you can be.
But this can all come crashing down when you find that all their positions are filled and there are no current job openings.
So what should you do about this? Sit tight and wait for a position to come available or something else?
In this post we will explore that ‘something else’ you need to do – plus how to make it happen.
Let’s start by tackling the first big question.
Is it worth your time reaching out to an organisation when they don't have any job postings?
The answer to this is a resounding yes and there are three main reasons for this.
Most positions aren’t advertised
It is estimated that 70% of positions are never advertised . This may seem hard to believe at first but when you think a little deeper it becomes obvious why this is the case.
To the outside world it may look like there are no opportunities within a company if their vacancies page is empty but on the inside any or all of these things will actually be happening.
- People are taking retirement or resigning due to factors such as taking a new job elsewhere, moving to another location, or making a career change.
- Some will unfortunately be struggling with their role and are about to lose their job or be deployed elsewhere in the organisation.
- Others will be flying high and are about to be promoted, leaving a gap to be filled behind them.
- Then there is organisational change that will involve recruitment such as new projects and business being won, products ready to be taken to market, services that need developing, or restructuring of departments and or teams.
Can you see how a timely application from a qualified candidate could be warmly welcomed, eliminating the need to advertise or instruct recruitment consultants and pay their high fees?
There’s far less competition when you apply for unadvertised jobs
Despite the fact that most jobs never get advertised, most people don’t send speculative applications to companies.
Think about that for a minute.
Your application could be the only one or just one of a handful for a particular opening.
You won’t get lost in the crowd and you will have a much better chance of being considered in the absence of high competition.
You can bypass Applicant Tracking Systems
Most advertised positions will involve adding your details to a company’s Applicant Tracking System.
Whilst these are necessary due to the high volume of applications companies receive today, they can cause serious issues for both the jobseeker and the employer.
Jobseekers need to ensure they submit an ATS friendly resume so they don’t get rejected. If they don’t, employers and recruiters can miss out the best talent just because of design issues.
A speculative application bypasses this and gets straight to the decision makers instead.
Before you rush off though and start reaching out to loads of companies directly, I do have a word of caution.
Don’t apply for unadvertised jobs until you have done this
Whilst a timely application from a qualified candidate will be warmly welcomed, the reverse is also true.
Sending out generic approaches with little thought or research will not get the results that you want and will definitely work against you.
At best you will be ignored but at worst, they may get irritated which will not help you when there is an advertised vacancy in the future.
Remember, you’re being proactive and trying to ‘sell yourself’ to the company.
To do this effectively you will need to have a good understanding of what the company needs now and provide an answer for a problem they might not currently have (or know they have), but are likely to have in the future.
This all comes down to putting in some research. Check out their company website, their LinkedIn page, and set up Google alerts for their latest press releases. And don’t forget to reach out to your contacts that may have inside knowledge or even better, a name of someone that could be a mutual acquaintance.
Once you have completed your research, you will be ready to put your killer cover letter together.
The 7 sentence cover letter to use when you apply for unadvertised jobs
The trick to getting this right is having a great balance between selling yourself and using the right tone.
This can be achieved if you follow this formula.
Start with why you are writing to them
These are busy people so you need to get straight to the point to enable them to speed read your application.
Tell them why you want to work specifically for their company
You need to let them know that you are not desperately sending your resume out to ‘anyone that will have you. ’
“The reasons I want to work here are…” This is where your research is crucial because it proves that you are serious about their company.
Explain what you can offer and why you’re a great fit.
"I offer X years of experience in this particular industry/sector, performing these particular jobs which makes me a great fit to support your organisation and the products/services it delivers."
Give a significant relevant achievement
Be careful to keep this relevant. It doesn't matter how impressive an achievement is, it will have little impact if they can’t see how it could benefit their organisation.
“In particular, one of my biggest achievements to date has been ….. [explain] and I would relish the opportunity to deliver the same results for [their company name].
Point them to your resume
“To gain a quick overview of what my contribution could be, please take a look at my profile on my attached resume.”
You are telling them that your resume has a profile they can speed read plus it will make them curious to take a look.

Add a call to action
“I would welcome the opportunity to speak with you about any current or upcoming positions that may be a great fit for my experience.”
Thank them
“Thank you for your time and consideration and I look forward to talking with you soon.”
Cover letter sample for how to apply to a company when they are not hiring
So what does this look like in practice then?
To help you put yours together, here is an example of what this looks like as a complete cover letter.
This is based on a Project Manager but you can see how easy it is to adapt to any industry or skill set.
Dear [hiring manager/recruiter’s name] - you will have gleaned this from your research.
I am writing to enquire about any potential opportunities at [company name] that may fit my skills and experience.
The reason for contacting you specifically is that my research showed that you mainly deal with X projects, which is my main area of interest and expertise.
I offer [insert number of years] years of experience within [name your industry/sector] underpinned by [name specific skills or qualifications].
For example, one of my biggest achievements to date has been the X project where I successfully ….. [explain] and I would relish the opportunity to deliver the same results for [their company name].
To gain a quick overview of what my contribution could be, please take a look at the profile on my attached resume.
I would welcome the opportunity to speak with you about any current or upcoming positions that I could make a positive contribution to.
I appreciate how busy you must be so thank you so much for your time and consideration and I look forward to talking with you soon.
Key Takeaways
Companies are constantly recruiting but typically just a few positions actually make it out on to their career pages or get promoted on job sites.
This means that it is a great idea to reach out to potential employers and apply for unadvertised jobs.
However, you must put in the research so that you can explain why you want to work for them and why you would be a great fit, otherwise you may come across as looking desperate.
If you use this cover letter formula, they will want to snap you up before their competition gets the chance to hire you

Mark Daniel
About the Author
A global resume writer and career coach, Mark is known for his honest, direct, and hard-hitting advice, helping people manage job applications and succeed at interviews. Now based on the Sunshine Coast in Australia, he is the co-founder of Real Life Career Advice and the Hi Vis Hub. A prolific publisher, Mark contributes to several industry magazines and his daily career advice blog to his 45,000 LinkedIn followers.
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Cold Cover Letters
Most positions are never advertised. A cold cover letter is an uninvited inquiry to an employer, recruiter or other hiring manager regarding possible job opportunities.
Cold cover letters' potential advantages include creating a job that didn't previously exist, gaining early consideration for a position that hasn't yet been advertised and expanding your network of contacts. By sending a letter to an employer who's not soliciting candidates, your resume will not be buried in a pile of hundreds of others.
Success Stories
- Heather secured a marketing director position after sending a cold cover letter. She read about the company's expansion goals in a trade magazine and sent a letter that outlined how she would help the company achieve its objectives. The company was impressed by Heather's enthusiasm, knowledge of the company's mission and ideas for successful expansion.
- Stuart compiled a list of his dream companies and contacted them directly. His letter arrived at the right time at one of the companies -- a network engineer had just given her notice and a position became available. The company benefited from hiring Stuart and saving on recruitment costs.
- Mark is a salesperson with a passion for sporting goods. His favorite retailer did not have a presence in his local market, so Mark sent a cover letter outlining how he would establish a local presence. After reading the letter, the company flew Mark in for an interview and hired him on the spot.
Before You Write
- Know Yourself: You are contacting a company that hasn't asked to be contacted. So what do you offer? Why should the company take an interest in you? What skills, abilities and credentials would be desirable to the organization?
- Research the Employer: Find out as much as you can about your target company, including past performance, goals and competitors so you can knowledgeably write about how you would help the operation.
Components of Your Letter
- The Salutation: Since you are writing an unsolicited letter, it's crucial that you address a particular person. Do some research so you can get your resume in the hands of the manager most likely to be interested in hiring you.
The Value Proposition: If you have identified goal-surpassing revenue and market-share growth among your goals for this year, my credentials will be of interest. Allow me to introduce myself: A marketing executive with 15 years of experience within Fortune 500 environments...
The News Angle: After reading of your consulting-services expansion in yesterday's Wall Street Journal, I am eager to join your team as an accounting manager. You will benefit from my top credentials, including CPA with Big Four experience and multilingual fluency (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)...
- The Body: Summarize the key strengths you bring to the table. A great strategy is to include a bulleted list of achievements and qualifications that would benefit the company. Provide an overview of your main selling points and examples of how you have contributed to your current or former employers.
- The Close: End your letter with an action statement, promising to follow up to explore the possibility of an interview. This is a much stronger closing than, "I hope to hear from you soon."
See samples of cover letters by industry.
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- Examples of How to Address a Cover Letter if You Don’t Know the Recipient’s Name
What to Avoid When Addressing a Cover Letter to an Unknown Recipient
The importance of addressing your cover letter correctly, how to find out who to address your cover letter to, tips for addressing a cover letter, example cover letter, addressing a cover letter faq, final thoughts, expert opinion.
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Summary. When the hiring managers name is unknow, try to be as specific as possible by using their job title or company name such as “dear [company name] hiring manager ” or “dear [department name] hiring manager.” Make sure to use a persons title, and avoid assuming their gender based on their name. Writing the body of a cover letter is difficult enough without the added challenge of not knowing who to address it to. Since such a significant part of the job search and application process is now automated, it can be difficult to find out who is going to be reading your application. This isn’t necessarily a problem until you need to write a recipient’s name in your cover letter salutation. If you’re struggling to figure out who to address your cover letter to, keep reading. We’ll give you some tips and examples that you can use to make your cover letter’s opening lines as strong as possible — even without a name. Key Takeaways: Try to find the name of the person you are addressing using the job listing, company website, or contacting the company. Don’t assume someone’s martial status and avoid using “Miss” and “Mrs.” whenever possible. Use a professional and appropriate greeting and avoid sounding like you would when addressing your friend. Examples of How to Address a Cover Letter if You Don’t Know the Recipient’s Name
If you are applying to a small company, a startup , or a local business, chances are good that you will probably find a name to address a cover letter to. If you are applying through online job sites or to a federal job , you may never know the name of the hiring manager until you are contacted about your application. Not knowing who to address the cover letter to doesn’t mean you have free reign to just say, “Dear person who will read this” or “Good morning!” as your greeting on a cover letter. There are preferred ways to address a cover letter if you don’t know who the cover letter will be read by.
Dear Sir or Madam Dear Hiring Manager Dear Talent Acquisition Team Dear [Company Name] HR Department Dear [Company name] Hiring Manager Dear Human Resources Manager Dear Human Resources Department Dear [Company Name] Recruiter Dear [Department Name] Hiring Manager Dear [Department Name] Hiring Team
By using these greetings to address your cover letters, you will avoid major problems. For example, all of the above greetings don’t assume a specific gender, can be used regardless of honorific the person may hold, and are professional.
They also don’t sound like you are writing to your grandmother about your vacation. These greetings will look professional and well put together, making them an excellent start to any cover letter.
We recommend always being as specific as you possibly can. For example, if you know your cover letter will be read by the hiring manager for the marketing team, use “Dear Marketing Hiring Manager” instead of just “Dear Hiring Manager.”
Also, don’t assume someone from human resources will be the hiring manager unless your research indicates that’s the case. While reaching out to HR might be the best way to find the name of your cover letter recipient, there’s no guarantee that that person works in HR.
Here are some things you should try to avoid when addressing a cover letter to an unknown recipient:
Assuming the person is a certain gender. If in doubt, just use their full name. For example, instead of saying, “Dear Ms. Hopkins,” you’d say, “Dear Alex Hopkins.”
Assuming the person’s marital status. Avoid using the titles of “Miss” or “Mrs.” before someone’s name before you know for sure what they prefer. Instead, use “Ms.” or simply stick to their full name.
Addressing the reader as if you were addressing a friend. Your cover letter can be friendly, but it should still be professional, erring on the side of formal. Using words like “hi,” and “hello,” or using exclamation marks is simply too casual and familiar for a cover letter.
Not addressing the reader at all. Not including a greeting is just as bad as using the wrong one.
Not only does it look like you didn’t put in any effort at all to find out who you’re writing to, but it also looks like you just copied and pasted your cover letter for multiple applications, which hiring managers do not want to see.
Here are some examples of how not to address a cover letter:
Good Morning
To Whom It May Concern
Dear Mrs. Smith
Hi Sebastian!
Hey Sales Team
When applying for jobs, one of the most important things you can do is find a way to make sure your name, face, or correspondence matches up with your application.
So when hiring managers sort through a pile of sometimes hundreds of applicants, they can say, “Oh yeah, this person contacted us the other day and seemed great and professional — let’s see what their application looks like.”
Now, this doesn’t mean that calling the HR department of the place you are applying to 24/7 is a good idea. You don’t want to seem needy or impatient. But you can still show that you are genuinely interested in the position by attempting to find out who will read your cover letter.
Making an effort to find out who the recipient of your cover letter will go to, especially if that information is easily available, shows that you have a real interest in the position. You are willing to take an extra few minutes to do some digging to make sure your application stands out.
There are a few ways to go about finding who you should address your cover letter to.
Check the job listing. One simple way is to look at the application and double-check that the hiring manager’s name isn’t on the main listing. Sometimes the information isn’t on the application, but rather on the job listing. If it isn’t there you will then have to start doing a little bit more investigative work.
Check LinkedIn. You can check on LinkedIn and on the company’s website to find the hiring manager’s name. If nothing shows up, then you will have to start contacting someone at the company to find out.
Contact the company. Now, this does not mean you should contact some random person at the company who lists the company’s name on their profile. Find the contact information for the HR department, for someone who works in HR, or for the head of the department you are trying to work in and ask them if they know the name of the hiring manager for your application.
Sometimes, they will not give this information, simply so that the hiring manager can stay anonymous and not get a billion emails from applicants. This situation is more likely to happen with massive companies like Google or Apple.
If they give you a name, use it. If they don’t, then you will have to then move on to the next step of figuring out how to address a cover letter to an unknown recipient.
Here are some tips for addressing a cover letter :
Attempt to find out who your cover letter will be read by.
Use the person’s title (Dr./Ms./Prof./etc.); use Ms., not Miss.
For non-gender-specific names, use the recipient’s full name.
Always use “Dear” to start your address
If you cannot find the name of the hiring manager/ reader , use a generic greeting to address your cover letter.
Be as specific with your generic greeting as you can be.
Make sure your greeting sounds professional and appropriate for the position.

Remember that cover letters should be short and tailored for each individual job.
When emailing your cover letter , make sure the subject line is clear and direct. Identify the job you’re applying for and yourself so that the recipient knows who you are and what you want right away.
After your greeting, let the reader know what position you’re applying for.
Then, get into the body of your letter by highlighting your most impressive key skills , qualifications, and professional experience. Let the reader know what value you’ll bring to the new job. Also, emphasize your enthusiasm for the specific company.
Use a call-to-action like “I look forward to hearing from you.” Finish by thanking the reader for their time and consideration and sign off with a proper email closing and signature.
Dear Sales Team Hiring Manager, As a fan of XYZ Inc.’s impressive technology products, I was ecstatic to see an opening for a Junior Sales Representative . After reading the job description, I am confident that I’m the right person for the job. With 4 years of experience selling cloud computing products and services, I would bring a unique perspective to the role. In my current role as a Sales Representative at ABC Corp., I’ve created technology presentations for all my clients, driving interest in new product sales and subscriptions by 84% year-over-year. Additionally, I’ve reduced the cost of customer acquisition by over 15% and consistently topped sales quotas by over 20% since starting at ABC. I know XYZ has amazing products and services that I would be honored to promote and sell. With my background in cloud computing, I would be able to hit the ground running and communicate your product’s benefits to customers. Please contact me if you have any further questions about my application or resume. I look forward to speaking with the Sales Team more about the role in an interview. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Malia Freeman [email protected] 555-777-9999
Who do I address my cover letter to if there is no contact name?
Address your cover letter to “Hiring Manager” or “[Department Name] Hiring Manager.” Always do whatever you can to try to find the name of the person you’re addressing, but if you can’t, address it to the generic position or team you’re trying to get in contact with.
Is To Whom It May Concern rude?
Yes, To Whom It May Concern is rude. Not everyone will agree that it’s rude, but many people do find it rude, or at least impersonal and lazy on a cover letter, so it’s best to avoid this greeting
Is it OK to use Dear Hiring Manager?
Yes, it is okay to use Dear Hiring Manager as a cover letter greeting.
Who is the best person to address a cover letter to?
The best person to address a cover letter to would be the hiring manager. This should be their first and last name if you know it, but “dear hiring manager” is acceptable if you are unsure of their name. If you are using their name, make sure to include titles such as “Ms.” or “Mr.” infront of their name.
If you are applying for a job and writing a cover letter, make sure you take the time to look over all the details in the cover letter. Not taking the time to look for the recipient of a cover letter or using a professional greeting will look lazy. Your greeting is a small part of the cover letter. However, it’s one of the most important pieces because it’s the first thing the hiring managers will read. Using an appropriate generic greeting will set the tone for your cover letter, making you sound professional and willing to put in the effort to make your cover letter flawless. Now that you know how to address a cover letter if the reader is the recipient is unknown, check out our other articles about cover letters and the job application process.
Applying for jobs can be stressful and tedious, but taking the time to learn tips on how to improve your application will help put you one step closer to landing your dream job .
Mypath Blog – No Name? No Company Address? Here’s How to Address Your Cover Letter
Who To Address Cover Letter To If Unknown

Vimari Roman Career Strategist Coach Be Productive Coaching
My recommendation is to always send a customized cover letter when applying for any job and when in doubt, address your letter to the hiring team using “Dear Hiring Team.” In most cases the application will end up on a recruiter’s or an HR Business Partner’s desk, and if they like your cover letter and resume, then they will pass it on to the hiring manager or the hiring team. By addressing your letter to the “team” you’ve got everyone covered and they will all feel as if the letter was written directly to them.
Expert Tip To Find Contact Infoformation

Sally Mikhail Founder of Recruit Petra LLC
Use LinkedIn to find out who to address your cover letter to you with a search of company personnel on the company careers page . However, if you are sending out a cover letter to an unknown hiring influence, you can address it to “Dear Hiring Team” or “Dear Hiring Manager.”
Who To Address Cover Letter To If Unknown Tip

Chelsea Jay Certified Resume Writer and Career Coach
Make sure that you review the company’s “About Me” or “Staff” to view their leaders which often lists direct managers, HR professionals, and executive leadership staff. If you know what department you’ll be working for, I recommend addressing the leader of that department. If the website is for a larger organization and does not list individual staff, I recommend utilizing LinkedIn. You can do a quick company search and find employees who are currently working there. You may even find the original posting with the hiring manager’s name attached.
If you cannot find the hiring manager’s name based on the posting, I recommend taking time to learn more about the specific department you’ll be working in. For example, if you discover that you’ll be working in the Communications department, the next step would be to learn about the specific team you’ll be part of. If you find out that it is the Public Affairs team, I encourage you to address “Public Affairs Team” at the beginning of your cover letter.
If you’re up for a bolder approach that is sure to get attention, address someone on the executive leadership team. I recommend addressing the President or Vice President of the organization (they should be easy to find since they are often the “face” of the organization). Of course, address them with a salutation along with their first name, last name, and title. In the beginning of the cover letter make sure to distinguish what department and position you are applying for. For example, Dear Mr. John Smith, President.
As an applicant, your goal is to stand out and showcase that you are informed and willing to go the extra mile (by doing research!).
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Heidi Cope is a former writer for the Zippia Career Advice blog. Her writing focused primarily on Zippia's suite of rankings and general career advice. After leaving Zippia, Heidi joined The Mighty as a writer and editor, among other positions. She received her BS from UNC Charlotte in German Studies.
Matt Warzel a President of a resume writing firm (MJW Careers, LLC) with 15+ years of recruitment, outplacement, career coaching and resume writing experience. Matt is also a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Internet Recruiter (CIR) with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Marketing Focus) from John Carroll University.
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- Cover Letter
- General Cover Letter That Isn't Generic (Sample for Any Job)
General Cover Letter That Isn't Generic (Sample for Any Job)

As seen in:
A general cover letter , also known as a generic cover letter, is an all-purpose, universal document particularly useful when you apply for multiple positions or when you're going to a job fair. A good general cover letter highlights your relevant skills and experience and sums up the key points of your resume.
You’re a scroll away from it. But here’s the twist—we’ll show you how to write a general cover letter that doesn’t feel generic or copy-pasted.
This guide will show you:
- Examples of a general cover letter for multiple positions sure to get you hired.
- How to write a generic cover letter for multiple positions.
- How to make a general cover letter look personalized and keep the employer happy.
- Successful samples and templates of all-purpose cover letters for no specific job.
Want to write your cover letter fast? Use our cover letter builder. Choose from 20+ professional cover letter templates that match your resume. See actionable examples and get expert tips along the way.
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How to Write a Cover Letter for a Job That Doesn’t Exist…Yet

After spending weeks in front of a screen, sifting through countless job posts that are almost-but-not-quite perfect, you may be wondering if this approach to the job search is the only approach. After all, you know what you do best, and you know exactly how you’d like to spend your days contributing to your dream company. You may even have a list of the specific companies you’d like to work for. But if these companies aren’t advertising openings that fit your description, what options do you have? Should you simply wait patiently for the right opportunity to come along? Should you settle for something close but not ideal and just use the position as a placeholder until you find something better?

Either of these options might work, but consider a third choice: Create the position that’s perfect for you, and then convince your dream employers to bring you on board, even if the position you describe doesn’t actually exist.
This may sound crazy, but it happens all the time, and countless fulfilling careers are launched this way. Smart employers—especially for growing companies and start-ups that thrive on flexibility and innovation—love hiring employees who come to them with these types of out-of-nowhere pitches. But only if applicants can make a compelling case. And it all starts with a great cover letter. Try these tips.
1. Before you write, think
Put yourself in the position of your target employer. And ask yourself two questions: What does this company need? And what does this specific manager want? Finding answers to these questions might require a little research. Start with a visit to the company website and figure out how the skills and contributions you’re pitching will mesh perfectly with this company’s existing goals and deficiencies.
2. As you write, focus entirely on your reader
Never wander off into a discussion of your own requirements, interests, and demands. You can worry about those later. When you’re learning how to write a cover letter for a cold contact like this, you’ll need to focus solely on your audience just to get them to read beyond the first sentence (and then the second, and then the third, and so on).
3. Be very, very clear about what you’re offering and how it can help your employer
Any hint of confusion will bring the reading process to an end. So from the first sentence to the last, keep things simple. Even if you have to oversimplify. For example, if your network management skills or cyber security background can help this employer, go easy on the IT jargon as you explain this. Speak in accessible terms that break the existing problem and the obvious solution (hiring you!) into manageable pieces.
4. Generate a sense of energy, urgency, and optimism
Whatever you can offer, make it clear that your audience will be better off with you on board. And the sooner they act, the sooner they’ll be glad they made this move.
5. Keep your objectives in mind
Your goal with a cold cover letter is not a job offer. It’s a chance for an in-person interview. If you can convince this employer to sit across a table from you for thirty minutes, that’s when you’ll really make your case. If all goes well, your cover letter can help you score this invitation.
A Polished Resume Can Seal the Deal
Of course, no matter how brilliant your introductory letter may be, you won’t get far without an equally brilliant resume. Attach a resume that can back up your cover letter with quantifiable facts and a proven track record. Visit MyPerfectResume for formatting help, writing tips, and professional guidance.
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MyPerfectResume Staff Writer
At MyPerfectResume, we are passionate about two things: sharing our knowledge about the workforce and providing exceptional tools to help jobseekers get ahead. Thanks to our well-rounded assemblage of experts, we offer industry-specific resume and cover letter writing tips and career advice for almost every job. MyPerfectResume culls detailed advice…
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Writing a cover letter is essential when applying for jobs. This is the perfect way to express how your specific skills are relevant to the open position. Wow your future employer with this simple cover letter example format.
Job seekers must write job application letters, otherwise known as cover letters, which include the applicant’s contact information, a salutation, the body of the letter and a closure, according to Alison Doyle for About.com.
To write a letter asking for your job back, you should state your intention directly and immediately within the letter or email. Address the boss in a formal tone, and then immediately state that you are inquiring about the potential for be...
What to include in a cover letter for an unadvertised job · A header with your contact information as well as the employer's · A professional
1. Begin with a professional heading · 2. Open with a salutation · 3. Summarize your career · 4. Highlight your qualities · 5. Close with a thank
If you know the company is hiring but hasn't advertised the position, write a traditional cover letter expressing your interest in the open
The introductory portion of your cover letter should indicate the type of job you're applying for, where you heard about the company and why you think you'd be
introduces you; explains why you're writing to the business · links this research to your own experience, values, interests or goals ; school work
The 7 sentence cover letter to use when you apply for unadvertised jobs · Start with why you are writing to them · Tell them why you want to work
Cold Cover Letters · Know Yourself: You are contacting a company that hasn't asked to be contacted. So what do you offer? · Research the Employer: Find out as
Summary. When the hiring managers name is unknow, try to be as specific as possible by using their job title or company name such as “dear
Use a template provided above and adjust it. · Start with “Dear” and the name of the hiring manager (“Dear Hiring Manager” is a last resort.)
Start with a good generic cover letter template. · Make general cover letters personal with details from the job ad. · List your specific achievements that fit
How to Write a Cover Letter for a Job That Doesn't Exist…Yet · 1. Before you write, think · 2. As you write, focus entirely on your reader · 3. Be very, very clear